Some interesting facts about technology Bill Gates house was designed using a Macintosh computer.  By the year 2012 there will be approximately 17 billion devices connected to the Internet.  Domain names are being registered at a rate of more than one million names every month.  E-mail has been around longer than the World Wide Web.  The average 21 year old has spent 5,000 hours playing video games,has exchanged 250,000 e-mails, instant and text messages and has spent 10,000 hours on the mobile phone.  Another name for a Microsoft Windows tutorial is 'Crash Course'!  One of every 8 married couples in the US last year met online.  The average computer user blinks 7 times a minute, less than half the normal rate of 20.  The first banner advertising was used in 1994.  The first computer mouse was invented by Doug Engelbart in around 1964 and was made of wood. The world's first computer, called the Z1, was invented by Konrad Zuse in 1936. His next invention, the Z2 was finished in 1939 and was the first fully functioning electro-mechanical computer There are approximately 1,319,872,109 people on the Internet. While it took the radio 38 years, and the television a short 13 years, it took the World Wide Web only 4 years to reach 50 million users. 20.70% of virus writers work under contract for organized crime syndicates The worst MS-DOS virus ever, Michelangelo (1991) attacked the boot sector of your hard drive and any floppy drive inserted into the computer, which caused the virus to spread rapidly. A virus can not appear on your computer all by iself. You have to get it by sharing infected files or diskettes, or by downloading infected files from the Internet. Country with the highest percentage of net users is Sweden (75%). The first popular web browser was called Mosaic and was released in 1993.  There are approximately 1.06 billion instant messaging accounts worldwide.

Fifteen Greatest Invention 1.       World First Digital Camera (1975): Created by Kodak's engineer Steve Sasson In December 1975, Kodak engineer Steve Sasson invented something that would, decades later, revolutionize photography: the world’s first digital camera. It was the size of a toaster, and captured black and white images at a resolution of 100×100 - or 0.01 megapixels in today’s marketing terminology. The images were stored on cassette tape, taking 23 seconds to write. The camera uses an ADC from Motorola, a bog-standard (for the 1970s) lens from a Kodak movie camera, and a CCD chip from Fairchild Semiconductor - the same technology that digital cameras still use today. To playback the images, a special computer and tape reader setup (pictured below) was built, outputting the grainy images on a standard TV. It took a further 23 seconds to read each image from tape 2. World's First Motel (1925): Motel Inn Motel Inn in San Luis Obispo, California, is the world’s first motel. It was built in 1925 by LA architect Arthur Heineman, who coined the term motel meaning "motor hotel." Motel Inn was originally called the Milestone Mo-Tel. Back then, one night stay was $1.25. Heineman couldn’t afford the trademark registration fee, so his competitors were able to use the word "motel." The motel is still in operation today. 3. World's First Album Cover (1938): Smash Song Hits by Rodgers and Hart Before Alex Steinweiss, then a 23-year-old designer, invented album covers in 1938 for Columbia Records, albums were sold in plain brown wrappers. The album "Smash Song Hits by Rodgers and Hart" was the very first album cover in the world. 4. World's First Novel (1007): Tale of Genji More than a thousend years ago, on 1007, a Japanese court lady put the finishing touches on what is considered the world's first novel. Spanning 75 years, more than 350 characters, and brimming with romantic poems, the "Tale of Genji" tells the story of an emperor's son, his quest for love, and the many women he meets along the way. It is attributed to the Japanese noblewoman Murasaki Shikibu  5. World's First Web Server and Web Site (1990): a NeXT computer at CERN Info.cern.ch was the address of the world's first-ever web site and web server, running on a NeXT computer at CERN. The first web page address was http://info. cern.ch/hypertex t/WWW/TheProject .html, made by Tim Berners-Lee. 6. World's First Motorcycle (1885): Daimler's "riding car" The First Motorcycle was designed and built by the German inventors Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Bad Cannstatt (Stuttgart) in 1885. It was essentially a motorised bicycle, although the inventors called their invention the Reitwagen ("riding car"). It was also the first petroleum-powered vehicle.  7. World's First X-Ray (1895): Röntgen's wife hand In 1895 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, professor of physics the University of Wurburg in Germany, was doing experiments with electrical discharges in evacuated glass tubes. Late in 1895 Wilhelm Röntgen was alone at night doing his experiments, this time in the dark and noticed a glow was produced on the wall, which he knew was not caused by fluorescence or visible light. He named these new, unidentified rays 'X' or if you prefer; X-rays. After several months of playing with his discovery he noticed that objects place in the path of the rays cast shadows and created images on the wall. Soon after he used a photographic plate and had his wife, Frau Röntgen, place her hand in the path of the X-rays, creating the world's first X-ray picture. In 1901 Wilhelm Röntgen was awarded the very first Nobel Prize in Physics for this discovery. 8. World's First Computer Mouse (1964): by Douglas Engelbart The world's first computer mouse was made by Douglas Engelbart in 1964, it consisted of two gear-wheels positioned perpendicular to each other -- allowing movement on one axis. Ergonomic shape, great button placement -- and it's made of wood.  9. World's First Skyscraper (1885): Home Insurance Building in Chicago Considered to be the first skyscraper in the world due to the building's unique architecture and unique weight bearing frame, the Home Insurance Building was built in 1885 in Chicago, Illinois and demolished in 1931 to make way for the Field Building (now the LaSalle National Bank Building). It was the first building to use structural steel in its frame, but the majority of its structure was composed of cast and wrought iron. It was the first tall building to be supported, both inside and outside, by a fireproof metal frame. It had 10 stories and rose to a height of 138 feet (42 m) high. 10. World's First Concept Car (1938): Buick Y-Job Designed in 1938 by the famous General Motors designer Harley Earl, the Buick Y-Job is considered by most to be the first concept car. The car had power-operated hidden headlamps, "gunsight" hood ornament, wraparound bumpers, flush door handles, and prefigured styling cues used by Buick until the 1950s.  11. World's First MP3 Player (1998): MPMan 32MB Released in 1998, the Eiger Labs MPMan was the world's first MP3 player, boasting 32MB of internal memory -- expandable to 64MB. Available in F10 or F20 models, the latter boasting SmartMedia compatibility, this player set you back a mere $69 + shipping. It measures a slim 91 x 70 x 16.5 mm 12. World's First Crossword (1913): Arthur Wynne's Invention In 1913, Arthur Wynne had the job of devising the weekly puzzle page for Fun, the eight-page comic section of the New York World, a major newspaper of the time. When he devised what he called a Word-cross for the Christmas edition, published on 21 December, he could have no idea that he would be starting a worldwide craze. 13. World's First Microprocessor (1971): Intel 4004 In November, 1971, a company called Intel publicly introduced the world's first single chip microprocessor, the Intel 4004 (U.S. Patent #3,821,715), invented by Intel engineers Federico Faggin, Ted Hoff, and Stan Mazor. After the invention of integrated circuits revolutionized computer design, the only place to go was down -- in size that is. The Intel 4004 chip took the integrated circuit down one step further by placing all the parts that made a computer think (i.e. central processing unit, memory, input and output controls) on one small chip. Programming intelligence into inanimate objects had now become possible. 14. World's First Magazine (1731): The Gentleman's Magazine The Gentleman's Magazine, first published in 1731, in London, is considered to have been the first magazine. Edward Cave, who edited The Gentleman's Magazine under the pen name "Sylvanus Urban", was the first to use the term "magazine", on the analogy of a military storehouse of varied materiel, originally derived from the Arabic makazin "storehouses" . It ceased publication in September, 1907.  15. World's First Photograph (1826): "View from the Window at Le Gras" Centuries of advances in chemistry and optics, including the invention of the camera obscura, set the stage for the world’s first photograph. In 1826, French scientist Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, took that photograph, titled View from the Window at Le Gras at his family’s country home. Niépce produced his photo—a view of a courtyard and outbuildings seen from the house’s upstairs window—by exposing a bitumen-coated plate in a camera  obscura  for several hours on his windowsill

Reservation for Other Backward Classes in Civil Posts and Services under the Govt. of India — Sub-quota for Minority Communities. MOST IMMEDIATE No.41018/2/2011-Estt. (Res.) Government of India Ministry of Personnel Public Grievances & Pensions Department of Personnel & Training North Block, New Delhi- 110001 Dated the 22nd December, 2011 OFFICE MEMORANDUM Subject:- Reservation for Other Backward Classes in Civil Posts and Services under the Govt. of India — Sub-quota for Minority Communities.    The undersigned is directed to invite attention to this Department’s O.M. No.36012/22/93-Estt.(SCT) dated 8th September, 1993 regarding reservation for Other Backward Classes in civil posts and services under the Government of India.    2. The Government of India had set up the National Commission for Religious and Linguistic Minorities to suggest criteria for the identification of the socially and economically backward sections amongst Religious and Linguistic Minorities and to recommend measures for their welfare, including reservation in Government employment. The Commission submitted its report to the Government on l0th May, 2007. wherein it had, inter-alia, recommended creation of a sub-quota for minorities from within the reservation of 27% available to OBCs, in Government employment.    3. The Government have carefully considered the above recommendation and it has been decided to carve out a sub-quota of 4.5% for minorities, as detined under Section 2 (c) of the National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992, from within the 27% reservation for OBCs as notified by the aforesaid O.M. The castes / communities of the said minorities which are included in the Central list of OBCs, notified state-wise from time to time by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, shall be covered by the said sub-quota.    4. Similar instructions in respect of public sector undertakings and financial institutions including public sector banks will be issued by the Department of Public Enterprises and by the Ministry of Finance respectively.    5. These orders will have effect from 1st January, 2012 and the O.M. No. 36012/22/93-Estt. (SCT), dated 8th September, 1993 stands modified to the above extent. 6. The Hindi version of the O.M. follows. sd/- (Sharad Kumar Srivastava) Under Secretary to the Government of India Click here to view OM

EMPLOYEES PROVIDENT FUND (EPF) RATES FOR 2012

Three EPF rates and a dilemma awaiting finance minister Pranab Mukherjee
Finance minister Pranab Mukherjee will have a tough task on his hands when the three different recommendations for this year's employees' provident fund (EPF) rate reach his desk. The PF office has few reliable numbers about its liabilities or income.That will make it difficult for the finance minister to choose between the three recommended EPF rates of 8.25%, 8.5% and 9.5%.

With crucial state polls on the horizon, Mukherjee will not want to be the bearer of bad news to 6.16 crore workers about a rate cut in the EPF when bank deposits are delivering close to 10% returns.

The Comptroller and Auditor General of India is yet to clear the PF office's accounts, forcing its board to skip the deadline for presenting its accounts to Parliament for the first time in 60 years. The CAG's draft report bluntly says that EPFO's book-keeping systems violate accounting standards and do not conform with the format specified by the government.

That the PF office has failed to meet the commitments it made to the finance ministry over last year's EPF rate decision, won't help. Mukherjee's ministry had questioned the veracity of EPF accounts when the PF office 'discovered' a surplus of 1,733 crore and recommended a 9.5% PF rate.

The finance ministry agreed to the 9.5% rate on the condition that the PF office update all member accounts within six months and ensure there is no shortfall in income. On both counts, the EPFO has failed to deliver.

Nearly 4.85 crore accounts were still to be updated on November 22, as per EPFO's submissions to its board's finance committee last week. More damning is the admission that it had made a huge 5.7% error in its income estimates for 2010-11 that led to an eventual income shortfall of 854 crore. Given that it now manages a corpus of 4,66,000 crore, an error of this magnitude is alarming. With interest payments promised at 9.5%, the PF office ended up with a 510 crore deficit on its 2010-11 operations - which it will now be forced to fund from its income for 2011-12.

This accounting fiasco may have forced EPFO to recommend a 1.25% cut in the EPF rate so that it doesn't end up with more contingent liabilities. But there are other pressure points it will find hard to explain when the finance minister reviews its state of affairs and the minutes of the EPFO board's finance committee. EPFO officials had hoped to boost income for 2011-12 with a decision to stop interest credits from April 2011 on old inoperative accounts, where no fresh contributions have come for three years or more. They had hoped to use the savings from these accounts to fund a higher EPF rate for the year.

But now the PF office is neither aware of how much money remains in such inoperative accounts, nor is it clear if the decision to cease interest payments is lawful.

"The amendment regarding not giving interest on inoperative accounts may be subject to judicial scrutiny which may have an adverse effect on liability," officials told their board's finance committee, explaining why interest savings on such accounts cannot be ascertained or used to pay other employees.

The panel was also informed that there are about 125,000 firms whose accounts have never been updated since the date they were brought under the EPF net. Accounts of another 43,000 firms haven't been migrated to the current accounting system of the EPFO. Together, they add up to 25.4% of the 6.6 lakh firms under the EPFO. The interest liabilities that remain to be credited to these accounts, the EPFO cannot assess.

Courtesy:ET

AAKASH TABLET PC FOR STUDENTS AND TEACHE Aakash Tablet PC is mini laptop or tablet pc introduced by Human Resource Development Minister, Kapil Sibal. Aakash tablet PC is world ‘s first low price tablet pc which made for students and teachers and government will pay 50% subsidy on each purchase of product. It is manufacture by DataWind, UK and developed by IIT Rajasthan and datawind company. Government ordered 1,00,000 pc tablet which will 10000 delivered to IIT Rajasthan and 90,000 tablet will be distribution for other institution and market. It is not available in market for sale. After three or four month after, will launch in market for sale. The cost of Aakash tablet PC will be Rs. 1100 to Rs. 1500 for students and Rs. 2250 to Rs. 2999. Aakash tablet pc has many features and specification which make it best device. This tablet work on Android 2.2 operating system with 7 inch touch screen display, 256 MB ram, 2 GB hard drive which expendable to 32 GB by micro MMC and 2-3 hour battery backup. This device support various document, video and audio formats and also compatible for Internet browser and wi-fi connectivity. Courtesy : www.aakashtabletpc.com

CWC MEETING 29.12.2011 JAMNAGAR

Vide C.O. Ahmedabad Memo No. Union/Spl CL/2010 Dated 22.12.11, all regional/divisional heads have been requested for granting Special CL to all Circle Office bearers & Divisional/branch Secretaries plus actual journey time for attending CWC meeting on 29.12.11 at Jamnagar. 


All concerned are requested to apply in writing to their leave sanctioning authorities accordingly for Special CL.


For any information about Jamnagar,
you may contact 


Com.A.V.Nikola D/S P.3 Jamnagar Mob: 90993 61363


Com.Ashaben Joshi C/S AIPEDEU at Jamnagar Mob:80008 98868 - 94275 73585

The History and starting Point of Postal Services in various Countries Historical references to postal systems in Egypt date from about 2000 BC. The Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great (6th century BC) used a system of mounted relay messengers. The riders would stop at regularly placed posthouses to get a fresh horse or to pass on their packets of dispatches to another messenger for the remainder of the distance. On the other side of the world, in China, a posthouse service had been started early in the Chou Dynasty (ruled 1122-221 BC). It was used mostly to convey official documents. The far-reaching system consisted of relays of couriers who changed horses at relay posts 9 miles (14.5 kilometers) apart. The system was enlarged under the Han Empire (202 BC-AD 220), when the Chinese came in contact with the Romans and their postal system. The Roman Empire built the most advanced postal delivery system known until that time except for the service in China. Its area was the whole Mediterranean world. Reliable communication from Rome to governors and military officials in faraway provinces was a necessity. Rome met the need by developing the cursus publicusliterally, "public course" a state-sponsored series of post roads with relay stations at intervals. The speed with which government dispatches and other mail could be carried about the empire was not equaled again in Europe until the 19th century. Using the relay stations, riders could cover about 170 miles (270 kilometers) in a 24-hour period. The first postal service in America arose in February  1692 The Indian Postal Services were established  In 1688 Official Canadian postal services began in 1775 The Royal Mail service ( British Postal Service) was first made available to the public on 31st July 1635 History of Australia Post was started  on 1809 The Argentina Postal service was established  in 1854 The Modern postal system of the people ‘s  Republic of China was established   in 1949 The old government-run German postal service, established in 1947, was known as the Deutsche Bundespost The first use of postal system in China was under the chou  dynasty Hisoka Maejima  the  Father of  Postal service of Japan  brought idea of Japan Postal service on  1870 and first postal service in Japan was established  on April 20 1871 The postal service in Germany  was established  on  16 June  1801 The Universal Postal  Union  was created   in 1874 The first telegraph station in Hungarian territory was opened in December 1847. English educator and tax reformer Rowland Hill formulated proposals on reforming the postal system between 1835 and 1837 The use of privately made cards, which was permitted in 1894, opened the way to marketing the picture postcard.

SENIORITY:  FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 1.         From which date the various provisions of consolidated instructions on seniority applicable?             Unless specifically, otherwise provided against each instruction, the said instructions are effective from the date of the relevant O.M.by which they were issued, prospectively. 2          To whom the instructions on seniority issued vide DOP&T's O.M.No.20011/1/2008- Estt.(D) dated 10.11.2010 are applicable?                     The instructions on seniority issued vide DOP&T's O.M.No.20011/1/2008-Estt.(D)dated 11.11.2010 are applicable in determination of seniority of the Government servants in Central Civil Services and Civil Posts except such Services and Posts for which separate principles have already been issued or may be issued by the Government 3          Whether the instructions on seniority issued by DOP&T are applicable to PSUs/Autonomous Bodies/Banks etc.?             No. The seniority of the officers working in PSUs/autonomous bodies/ organisations /banks are governed by regulations/instructions issued by concerned Administrative Department/ PSUs/banks etc. 4          How the seniority of all direct recruits is determined?                   The seniority of direct recruit is in the order of merit in which they are selected for appointment on the recommendations of UPSC or other selecting authority. The persons appointed as a result of  earlier selection being senior to those appointed on subsequent selection. O.M.No.20011/1/2008-Estt.(D)dated 11.11.2010 5          Whether the seniority of direct recruits is determined by the date of confirmation?              No. The relative seniority of direct recruits that used to be determined earlier according to date of confirmation and not original order of merit (in cases where confirmation was in an order different from order of merit indicated at the time of their appointment) has been discontinued with effect from  4.11.1992.  O.M. No. 20011/5/90-Estt. (D) dated 04.11.1992 6. How will the inter-se seniority be fixed if a direct recruit officer joins late ?             Seniority in such cases will be determined according to O.M. No. 9/23/71-Estt.(D) dated 06.06.1978 and O.M. No.35015/2/93-Estt.(D) Dated 09.08.1995 7          How seniority of candidates of two different panels is determined, in case both the panels are received on the same date?             The seniority of candidates of two different panels received on the  same date is determined by the following procedure: (i) Chronology of recommendation letter; (ii) Where the date of recommendation letter is same, chronology of Interview Board reports and (iii) Where both (i) and (ii) are also same, then the chronology of requisition made by the respective Ministries/Departments. O.M. No. 20011/1/2008-Estt.(D) dated 11.11.2010 8          How seniority of candidat is determined in case two results of recruitment  through examination are announced for selection to same grade or post within the same year.                  The seniority of the candidates will be determined as per date of publication/announcement of result. The candidate of the result announced earlier shall be senior to the candidate of the result announced later. 9          How the seniority of the promotee officer is determined?             The inter-se seniority of a officer promoted on the basis of the recommendation of a DPC either by selection or non-selection method as per due procedure, shall be determined as in the feeder grade from which they are promoted. O.M. No. 20011/1/2008-Estt.(D)  dated 11.11.2010 10        How seniority of a promote officer is determined in cases where more than one feeder grade is prescribed for promotion to the higher grade and specific quotas are given?             In such cases, the officer in each grade assess a fit by the Departmental Promotion Committee shall be interpolated in the ratio prescribed in each grade in the Recruitment Rules for the post, for the purpose of determination of seniority(principle of rota quota). 11        Is a SC/ST Government servant promoted by virtue of rule of reservation entitled to consequential seniority?             Yes. A SC/ST Government servant on promotion by virtue of rule of reservation roster will be entitled for consequential seniority. O.M. No. 22011/1/2001-Estt.(D) 21.01.2002 12        Can a General/OBC category Government servant promoted through a later DPC regain his seniority of the feeder grade on promotion to higher grade?             No. A General/OBC category officer promoted through a later DPC will be placed junior to the SC/ST category Government servant promoted through earlier DPC even though by virtue of rule of reservation. O.M. No. 22011/1/2001-Estt.(D) 21.01.2002 13        What is co-relation between seniority in a grade and reservation roster for other grade? OR Whether a candidate is placed in the seniority list of a grade, as per his position in the reservation roster or viceversa?             There is no co-relation between seniority in a grade and the reservation roster for the said grade. Seniority of an officer is determined as per order of merit given by UPSC or selecting authority or panel of promotion given by DPC. A reservation roster/points are meant only for identifying the vacancy that goes to a particular category of officer 14        How the relative seniority of direct recruit and promotee is determined?                     The relative seniority of direct recruit and promotee is determined according to rotation of vacancies between available direct recruits and promotees which is based on quota of vacancies reserved for direct recruitment and promotion respectively in the recruitment rules. O.M. No. 35014/2/80-Estt.(D) dated 07.02.1986 15        How year of availability in regard to determination of relative seniority of direct recruits and promotee is determined?             The year of availability, both in case of direct recruit as well as promotee, for the purpose of rotation and fixation of seniority is  actual date of appointment after declaration of result/selection and completion of pre-recruitment formalities, as prescribed. The  year of availability is a vacancy year in which a candidate of a particular batch of selected direct recruitment or an officer of a particular batch of promotee joins the post/service. O.M. No. 22011/1/2006-Estt.(D) dated 03.03.2008 16        Is a candidate appointed against the carry forward vacancy of earlier recruitment year, allow the seniority of the year in which the vacancy arose?                   No. The seniority of direct recruits and promotees is delinked from the vacancy and year of vacancy.  O.M. No. 35014/2/80-Estt.(D) Dated 07.02.1986 17        What is the starting point in the recruitment roster for the  purpose of inter-se seniority of officers through direct recruitment, promotion, absorption etc.             The starting point in the recruitment roster for the purpose of inter-se seniority of officers through direct recruitment, promotion, absorption etc. will be as per provisions contained DOP&T's O.M.No.28011/6/76- Estt.(D) dated 24th June, 1978. 18        How the seniority of an Officer absorbed after being on deputation or absorbed directly without being on deputation determined?                 The seniority of an Officer absorbed after being on deputation or absorbed directly without being on deputation, If he has been holding already (on the date of absorption) the same or equivalent grade on regular basis in his parent department, is determined from the date he has been holding  the post on deputation or the date from which he has been appointed on a regular basis to the same or equivalent grade in his parent department whichever is earlier. The fixation of seniority in aforesaid manner, however, will not effect any regular promotion to the next higher grade made prior to the date of such absorption.  O.M. No. 22011/1/2000-Estt.(D) Dated 27.03.2001 19        How seniority of two or more surplus employees of a particular grade in an office determined in the event of their simultaneous selection for re-deployment in another office?                   In this case, inter-se seniority in particular grade, on re-deployment in the latter office, would be the same as it was in the previous office. O.M. No. 9/22/68-Estt. (D) Dated 06.02.1969 20        How seniority of a reemployed officer determined?                       For determination of seniority of re-employed officer is treated as direct recruit. Where Recruitment Rules of the post against which appointment is being made prescribed re-employment as a distinct mode of recruitment .then the inter-se seniority of persons so re-employed shall be determined in accordance with order of selection. The relative seniority of persons so re-employed in relation to direct recruits and promotees shall be determined: Where the Recruitment Rules prescribes specific quota for each of the categories (direct recruitment, promotion and reemployment) then seniority is determined on the basis of rotation of vacancies based on the said quota. In other cases, on the basis of chronology selection. O.M. No. 20011/3/80-Estt(D) Dated 16.06.1980 21        How the seniority of a meritorious sports person appointed in relaxation of Recruitment Rules determined?                       Where sportsmen are recruited through the Employment Exchange or by direct advertisement and are considered along with other general category candidates, they may be assigned seniority in the order in which they are placed in the panel for selection. Where recruitment to a post is through a selection made by the Staff Selection Commission, whether by the competitive examination or otherwise, the sportsmen recruited in the department themselves should be placed en bloc junior to those who have already been recommended by the Staff Selection Commission. The inter se-seniority of sportsmen will be in the order of selection. O.M.No.14015/1/76-Estt.(D) dated 4.8.1980 22        How the seniority of a person appointed on compassionate grounds is determined?                    A person appointed on compassionate ground in a particular year is placed at the bottom of all the candidates recruited/appointed through direct recruitment, promotion etc. in that year, irrespective of date of joining of candidate on compassionate  appointment. O.M. No. 20011/1/2008-Estt.(D) dated 11.11.2010 23        How seniority of persons selected for appointment to different posts in the same grade requiring different  qualification determined?             The seniority of persons selected for appointment to different posts in the same grade requiring different qualifications is determined as per provisions of para 4.9 of O.M. No. 20011/1/2008-Estt.(D) dated 11.11.2010 (Smita Kumar) Director (E.I) Source:www.persmin.nic.in