Article 16 of the
Constitution of India guarantees equality of opportunity for all citizens in
matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
Further, it provides that no citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race,
caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible
for, or discriminated against in respect of, any employment or office under the
State.
To enhance the
employability of women, the Government is providing skill training to women
through a network of Women Industrial Training Institutes. There are 11
National Vocational Training Institutes providing training facilities,
exclusively for women in skills having high wage-employment and self-employment
potential. Further there are women wings in general ITIs which are under the
administrative control of respective State Governments. National Council for
Vocational Training (NCVT) has enhanced the percentage of reservation for women
from 25% to 30% in training institutes.
Besides this, the
Government has enacted the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 which provides for
payment of equal remuneration to men and women workers for the same work or
work of a similar nature without any discrimination and also prevents
discrimination against women employees while making recruitment for the same
work or work of similar nature, or in any condition of service subsequent to
recruitment such as promotions, training or transfer. The Government has taken
several steps for creating a congenial work environment for women workers and a
number of protective provisions have been incorporated in various labour laws.
These include provision of crèches where a certain number of women are
employed, maternity benefit and safeguards against sexual harassment of women
workers at their work places, etc. With these efforts more and more women would
be encouraged to take up employment. However, it is difficult to quantify the
number of women likely to be benefited therefrom.
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